Clitoris removal in africa

The word "sunna" refers to Muhammed's early tradition of the practice. A Reader , Pambazuka Press, , p. Some who are unable to penetrate their wives manage to get them pregnant in spite of the infibulation, and the woman's vaginal passage is then cut open to allow birth to take place. Because of poor access to information, and because circumcisers downplay the causal connection, women may not associate the health consequences with the procedure. Unsafe sex Intrauterine devices Oral contraceptives Condoms Contraceptive prevalence Contraceptive security Planned parenthood. From the age of eight, girls are encouraged to stretch their inner labia using sticks and massage. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.

FGM harms women's physical and emotional health throughout their lives. A lack of ambiguity of the genitalia is seen as necessary in the assignment of a sex to infants and therefore whether a child's genitalia is normal, but what is ambiguous or normal can vary from person to person. Moneti, Francesca; Parker, David. There are four types of FGM: In Egypt 77 percent of FGM procedures, and in Indonesia over 50 percent, were performed by medical professionals as of and The element of speed and surprise is vital and the circumciser immediately grabs the clitoris by pinching it between her nails aiming to amputate it with a slash. There are many beliefs that add to the supposed reasons for the existence of Female Genital Mutilation.

No proper Kikuyu man or woman would marry or have sexual relations with someone who was not circumcised. Explicit use of et al. Marion Sims followed Brown's work and in slit the neck of a woman's uterus and amputated her clitoris, "for the relief of the nervous or hysterical condition as recommended by Baker Brown". Classification of female genital mutilation , Geneva: